DRUG ABUSE
Drugs are the chemical substance that modifies one or more functions of living organism.
Drug abuse
Misuse of drug is called drug abuse.
The disease that brings abnormal changes or mental illness due to smoking, drug, alcohol etc known as mental diseases. One percent of world population suffers from mental illness and ten percentages from mild mental disorders. A condition of habit or feeling compelled to take certain drugs is called drug addiction.
Drugs are either depressants or stimulants.
Depressants slow down the activity of brain. Stimulants excite the activity of brain.
Types and effects
i) Tranquilizers and depressants-
These lower the activities of CNS. These do not affect the working efficiency. Examples are- Equanil, Valium (diazepam) calm pose etc. Their excessive use causes addiction.
ii) Narcotics-These are used to free from anxiety (nervous and worried).These produce sleep and relieve
pain. Examples are Opium, Morphine, caffeine and Heroin.
iii) Psychedelic or vision producing drugs-
These effect on sense organ and cerebrum strongly. Individual may see strange colour and sound for nothing. Examples are LSD (Lysergic Acid diethylamide) Marijuana and Hashish.
Effects on health
Depressant and hypnotic:
Depressed brain and deep sleep.
Stimulants: Restless, and BP, heart beat appetite are affected.
Narcotics: Reduce respiratory and cardio-vascular activities, Cause nausea and vomiting. Supress brain activity, anxiety and fever.
Psychedelics hallucinogens: Damage CNS leading to suicide.
Reasons of drug addiction
Control measures
Alcohol addiction (Alcoholism)
Alcohol is obtained through the fermentation (decaying) of different food ( rice, millets, potati, molasses and fruits) by yeast or fungi.
Two kinds of alcohols
Less concentration- beer, wine etc. these are not distilled.
More concentrated- whiskey, brandy rum gin, vodka, etc. Distilled well
The prolonged use ( long time ) of alcohol causes dependence of body called alcohol addiction or alcoholic. Alcohol is a depressant drug.
Effects of alcoholism (symptoms)
Reasons of alcohol addiction
Controls
a. Treatment and hospitalization
b. Rehabilitation
c. psychological treatment
d. strict on laws
e. Education
Smoking
Regular consumption of tobacco in different forms (cigarette, chewing) is called smoking.
It is made from leaves of tobacco plant ( Nicotiana tobaccum and N. ristica)
Tobacco smoking contains 4000 different chemicals. Major are nicotine cyanide, formaldehyde, tar, co etc.
Effect off nicotine
1. If nicotine is injected intravenously can kill a human.
2. stimulates the conduction of nerve impulse, secrete adrenaline.
3. BP and heart beat increase
4. Decrease the breathing capacity
Hemp Plant ( cannabis indica c. sativa)
1. Charas- resinc of c. indica
2. Bhang- Leaf and seed of c.indica
3. Marijuana (hashish) - leaves and flowers tops of c. sativa
Effects (short term)
1. Senseless, confusion and fears.
2. Intense in color and sound.
3. BP and heart beat increase.
4. Red eye and dry mouth.
Long term effects
1. cancer- tobacco is carcinogenic c to form cancerous cell). It cause oral cancer and lung cancer
2. Bronchitis- Reduce lung is gaseous exchange capacity.
3. Emphysema- breakdown of wall of alveolar wall during coughing so reduce the gaseous exchange.
4. Heart diseases- Nicotine constrict blood vessel result increase of heart beats.
5. Birth defects- In a pregnant woman it causes 10w birth weight, metal disability and damage of internal organ.
6. Duodenal ulcers, tuberculosis and lack of o2 in blood.
Controls
a. Treatment and hospitalization
b. Rehabilitation
c. psychological treatment
d. strict on laws
e. Education
Drugs are the chemical substance that modifies one or more functions of living organism.
Drug abuse
Misuse of drug is called drug abuse.
The disease that brings abnormal changes or mental illness due to smoking, drug, alcohol etc known as mental diseases. One percent of world population suffers from mental illness and ten percentages from mild mental disorders. A condition of habit or feeling compelled to take certain drugs is called drug addiction.
Drugs are either depressants or stimulants.
Depressants slow down the activity of brain. Stimulants excite the activity of brain.
Types and effects
i) Tranquilizers and depressants-
These lower the activities of CNS. These do not affect the working efficiency. Examples are- Equanil, Valium (diazepam) calm pose etc. Their excessive use causes addiction.
ii) Narcotics-These are used to free from anxiety (nervous and worried).These produce sleep and relieve
pain. Examples are Opium, Morphine, caffeine and Heroin.
iii) Psychedelic or vision producing drugs-
These effect on sense organ and cerebrum strongly. Individual may see strange colour and sound for nothing. Examples are LSD (Lysergic Acid diethylamide) Marijuana and Hashish.
Effects on health
Depressant and hypnotic:
Depressed brain and deep sleep.
Stimulants: Restless, and BP, heart beat appetite are affected.
Narcotics: Reduce respiratory and cardio-vascular activities, Cause nausea and vomiting. Supress brain activity, anxiety and fever.
Psychedelics hallucinogens: Damage CNS leading to suicide.
Reasons of drug addiction
- curiosity
- Family history
- Peer pressure ( pressure of friend)
- Relief from pain
- To do more work
- Frustration
Control measures
- Hospitalization of sick or addict
- Counseling
- Banning of smuggling of drugs
- Strictly implementation of law
- Education
Alcohol addiction (Alcoholism)
Alcohol is obtained through the fermentation (decaying) of different food ( rice, millets, potati, molasses and fruits) by yeast or fungi.
Two kinds of alcohols
Less concentration- beer, wine etc. these are not distilled.
More concentrated- whiskey, brandy rum gin, vodka, etc. Distilled well
The prolonged use ( long time ) of alcohol causes dependence of body called alcohol addiction or alcoholic. Alcohol is a depressant drug.
Effects of alcoholism (symptoms)
- CNS- loss of sensation, emotional control, visual problems, neuritis ( any projection from cell body) Amnesis (loss of memory)
- Gastrilitis
- Liver is highly affected
- Increase blood pressure and mal-function of heart
- On kidney- hyper-osmotic ( less concentration) urine
- Lower the blood sugar level.
- Affect on ovulation and unborn baby in women.
- Cause family and social problems.
- Crimes( rape, kill)
Reasons of alcohol addiction
- feeling of independence
- Frustrations
- To increases confidence
- Social pressure
- curiosity
Controls
a. Treatment and hospitalization
b. Rehabilitation
c. psychological treatment
d. strict on laws
e. Education
Smoking
Regular consumption of tobacco in different forms (cigarette, chewing) is called smoking.
It is made from leaves of tobacco plant ( Nicotiana tobaccum and N. ristica)
Tobacco smoking contains 4000 different chemicals. Major are nicotine cyanide, formaldehyde, tar, co etc.
Effect off nicotine
1. If nicotine is injected intravenously can kill a human.
2. stimulates the conduction of nerve impulse, secrete adrenaline.
3. BP and heart beat increase
4. Decrease the breathing capacity
Hemp Plant ( cannabis indica c. sativa)
1. Charas- resinc of c. indica
2. Bhang- Leaf and seed of c.indica
3. Marijuana (hashish) - leaves and flowers tops of c. sativa
Effects (short term)
1. Senseless, confusion and fears.
2. Intense in color and sound.
3. BP and heart beat increase.
4. Red eye and dry mouth.
Long term effects
1. cancer- tobacco is carcinogenic c to form cancerous cell). It cause oral cancer and lung cancer
2. Bronchitis- Reduce lung is gaseous exchange capacity.
3. Emphysema- breakdown of wall of alveolar wall during coughing so reduce the gaseous exchange.
4. Heart diseases- Nicotine constrict blood vessel result increase of heart beats.
5. Birth defects- In a pregnant woman it causes 10w birth weight, metal disability and damage of internal organ.
6. Duodenal ulcers, tuberculosis and lack of o2 in blood.
Controls
a. Treatment and hospitalization
b. Rehabilitation
c. psychological treatment
d. strict on laws
e. Education
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