Venous system of Frog
The venous system includes veins or those blood vessele in which blood of body returns to the blood. In frog it consists of three parts :
1. Pulmonary veins: Oxygenated blood from two lungs is collected by right and left pulmonary veins which unite to form a common pulmonary vein opening directly into the left auricle on the dorsal side.
2. Caval veins: Deoxygenated blood from rest of the body travels towards heart in three large vessels, two anterior precavals and single posterior postcaval, all the three opening into shots venosus.
A. Anterior vanacava or precavals: The right and left precavals or anterior vanae cave collect venous blood from the anterior part of body. Each precaval is formed by the union of three major veins which are:
i. External jugular: It is formed by the union of lingual form tongue and mandibular from outer margin of lower law.
ii. Innominate: It is formed by the union of internal jugular from cranial cavity and orbit and subscapular form shoulder and back of arm.
iii. Subclavian: It is formed by the union of brachial form fore limb and the musculo-cutaneous form muscles and skin of side of body and head.
B. Posterior venacave or postcaval: The single postcaval is a large, dark coloured vein lying ventral to dorsal aorta. It is posterior end is formed between the two kidneys form which it drains blood by 5-6 pairs of renal veins. It also receives a pair of genital veins (spermatic in male, overian in female ) from gonads. The postcaval then runs forwards, dorsally to the liver and receiving from it a pair of short hepatic veins, before opening into the posterior part of sinus venosus.
3. Portal veins : a vein which collects blood form one organ of body and supplies alone to another organ instead of going to heart is called as postal vein. Thus a portal vein is bicapillary vein. All veins associated with a portal vein forms portal system. Frog consists of two postal system.
A. Renal postal system : the veins which carry alone to a capillary system in kidneys constitute the penal postal system. Blood of each hind leg is collected by two veins, an outer fermoral and an inner sciatic. On entering the abdominal cavity the femoral divides into a dorsal renal portal and ventral pelvic vein. The renal postal unites with the sciatic of its side and while running along there outer border of kidney of its side it receives alone from lumbar region by a dorso-lumbar vein. Renal postal vein enters the kidney by several branches which break up into capillaries.
B. Hepatic postal system : it consist of hepatic portal vein and anterior abdominal vein.
A large hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of several branches form stomach, intestine, spleen and pancreas. It carrier blood form alimentary canal, laden with digested food stuffs, to the liver into which it brakes up into capillaries.
Anterior abdominal vein : the pelvic veins of both sides unite to form a median ventral or anterior abdominal vein. It receives blood form urinary bladder and ventral abdominal wall and runs forwards to enter liver into which it brakes up into capillaries. Before entering liver the anterior abdominal and hepatic postal veins are connected by small loop.
The venous system includes veins or those blood vessele in which blood of body returns to the blood. In frog it consists of three parts :
(1) pulmonary veins
(2) caval veins and
(3) portal veins.
2. Caval veins: Deoxygenated blood from rest of the body travels towards heart in three large vessels, two anterior precavals and single posterior postcaval, all the three opening into shots venosus.
A. Anterior vanacava or precavals: The right and left precavals or anterior vanae cave collect venous blood from the anterior part of body. Each precaval is formed by the union of three major veins which are:
i. External jugular: It is formed by the union of lingual form tongue and mandibular from outer margin of lower law.
ii. Innominate: It is formed by the union of internal jugular from cranial cavity and orbit and subscapular form shoulder and back of arm.
iii. Subclavian: It is formed by the union of brachial form fore limb and the musculo-cutaneous form muscles and skin of side of body and head.
B. Posterior venacave or postcaval: The single postcaval is a large, dark coloured vein lying ventral to dorsal aorta. It is posterior end is formed between the two kidneys form which it drains blood by 5-6 pairs of renal veins. It also receives a pair of genital veins (spermatic in male, overian in female ) from gonads. The postcaval then runs forwards, dorsally to the liver and receiving from it a pair of short hepatic veins, before opening into the posterior part of sinus venosus.
3. Portal veins : a vein which collects blood form one organ of body and supplies alone to another organ instead of going to heart is called as postal vein. Thus a portal vein is bicapillary vein. All veins associated with a portal vein forms portal system. Frog consists of two postal system.
A. Renal postal system : the veins which carry alone to a capillary system in kidneys constitute the penal postal system. Blood of each hind leg is collected by two veins, an outer fermoral and an inner sciatic. On entering the abdominal cavity the femoral divides into a dorsal renal portal and ventral pelvic vein. The renal postal unites with the sciatic of its side and while running along there outer border of kidney of its side it receives alone from lumbar region by a dorso-lumbar vein. Renal postal vein enters the kidney by several branches which break up into capillaries.
B. Hepatic postal system : it consist of hepatic portal vein and anterior abdominal vein.
A large hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of several branches form stomach, intestine, spleen and pancreas. It carrier blood form alimentary canal, laden with digested food stuffs, to the liver into which it brakes up into capillaries.
Anterior abdominal vein : the pelvic veins of both sides unite to form a median ventral or anterior abdominal vein. It receives blood form urinary bladder and ventral abdominal wall and runs forwards to enter liver into which it brakes up into capillaries. Before entering liver the anterior abdominal and hepatic postal veins are connected by small loop.
There are a lot of spelling mistakes and grammer mistakes in this which may lead to confusions.So try to make it clear........
ReplyDeleteSome people doesn't know how to make their English perfect. They're just humans just like us. We are not perfect tho.
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