Hepatitis
Hepatitis -b
Hepatitis b is the most common chronic liver disease which causes liver cancer; it is caused by hepatitis- b virus. It is blood borne disease. Hepatitis b is 100 times more danger than HIV/AIDS. It can affect people of all age. Hepatitis B is a much more severe and longer-lasting disease than hepatitis A. It may occur as an acute disease, or, in about 5 to 10 percent of cases, the illness may become chronic and lead to permanent liver damage. Symptoms usually appear from 40 days to 6 months after exposure to the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Those persons at greatest risk for contracting hepatitis B include intravenous drug users, sexual partners of individuals with the disease, health care workers who are not adequately immunized, and recipients of organ transplants or blood transfusions. A safe and effective vaccine against HBV is available and provides protection for at least five years. Passive immunization with hepatitis B immune globulin can also provide protection. Approximately 1 in 10 patients with HBV infection becomes a carrier of the virus and may transmit it to others. Those who carry the virus are also 100 times more likely to develop liver cancer than persons without HBV in their blood.
Occurence : hepatitis is world wide in distribution.it breaks out as epidemic. it is common among children and youths.
Mode of transmission:-
Unsafe sexual contact with infected person
Hepatitis-b infected mother to child
Kissing and direct contact
Using same blade, weapons and syringe
Transfusion of infected blood
Breast feeding
All body fluids, secretion except excreta
Symptoms:-
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Dark urine
Fatigue
Swelling of liver
Preventive measures:-
Vaccine against hepatitis-b
Avoid unsafe injection of drugs
Avoid unsafe blood transfusion
Avoid tattoo making and frequent operation
Avoid multiple sex practice
Use condoms if needed
Avoid common use of blades, knife etc
Don’t deliver child of infected mother
Hepatitis –c
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was isolated in 1988. Symptoms of hepatitis C usually appear within six to nine weeks after exposure. HCV appears to be transmitted in a manner similar to HBV. Hepatitis C has a greater propensity than hepatitis B to develop into chronic liver disease. Alcoholics who are infected with hepatitis C are more prone to develop cirrhosis. The treatment for hepatitis C is a combination of alpha interferon and ribivarin; only about half of those receiving these drugs respond
Mode of transmission:-
Transfusion of infected blood
Unsafe injection, tattoos etc.
Transplantation of organ
Unsafe sexual activity
Infected mother to child
Using same blade, syringe, knife etc
Symptoms:-
Common cold
Fatigue
Mild fever
Swelling of liver
Preventive measures:-
Avoid unsafe tattoos and operation
Avoid unsafe injection
Use separate weapons etc
Avoid unsafe blood transfusion
Unsafe sexual contact
Use condoms if needed
Cirrhosis:- Irreversible change in the normal liver tissue that results in the degeneration of functioning liver cells and their replacement with fibrous connective tissue. Cirrhosis can have a number of causes; the term is applied whenever the end result is scarring of the liver. In the early stage of cirrhosis, the disease can be stabilized by abstention from alcohol and by an adequate diet. In this stage, the liver first enlarges; its outer capsule becomes smooth and stretched, and its colour turns yellow because of an increase in fat. Fibrous tissue and extra bile ducts may develop. In the next stage, the quantity of fibrous tissue increases so that the liver is granular. The blood vessels thicken, and their channels may become obstructed, which reduces blood flow in the organ. Complications at this stage include coma, kidney failure, jaundice, infection, and hemorrhages. In the advanced stage of the disease, the liver shrinks and the surface usually have a roughened appearance. The normal lobular structure of the liver is lost; there is no longer fat but only poorly functioning residual liver tissue.
Hepatitis -b
Hepatitis b is the most common chronic liver disease which causes liver cancer; it is caused by hepatitis- b virus. It is blood borne disease. Hepatitis b is 100 times more danger than HIV/AIDS. It can affect people of all age. Hepatitis B is a much more severe and longer-lasting disease than hepatitis A. It may occur as an acute disease, or, in about 5 to 10 percent of cases, the illness may become chronic and lead to permanent liver damage. Symptoms usually appear from 40 days to 6 months after exposure to the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Those persons at greatest risk for contracting hepatitis B include intravenous drug users, sexual partners of individuals with the disease, health care workers who are not adequately immunized, and recipients of organ transplants or blood transfusions. A safe and effective vaccine against HBV is available and provides protection for at least five years. Passive immunization with hepatitis B immune globulin can also provide protection. Approximately 1 in 10 patients with HBV infection becomes a carrier of the virus and may transmit it to others. Those who carry the virus are also 100 times more likely to develop liver cancer than persons without HBV in their blood.
Occurence : hepatitis is world wide in distribution.it breaks out as epidemic. it is common among children and youths.
Mode of transmission:-
Unsafe sexual contact with infected person
Hepatitis-b infected mother to child
Kissing and direct contact
Using same blade, weapons and syringe
Transfusion of infected blood
Breast feeding
All body fluids, secretion except excreta
Symptoms:-
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Dark urine
Fatigue
Swelling of liver
Preventive measures:-
Vaccine against hepatitis-b
Avoid unsafe injection of drugs
Avoid unsafe blood transfusion
Avoid tattoo making and frequent operation
Avoid multiple sex practice
Use condoms if needed
Avoid common use of blades, knife etc
Don’t deliver child of infected mother
Hepatitis –c
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was isolated in 1988. Symptoms of hepatitis C usually appear within six to nine weeks after exposure. HCV appears to be transmitted in a manner similar to HBV. Hepatitis C has a greater propensity than hepatitis B to develop into chronic liver disease. Alcoholics who are infected with hepatitis C are more prone to develop cirrhosis. The treatment for hepatitis C is a combination of alpha interferon and ribivarin; only about half of those receiving these drugs respond
Mode of transmission:-
Transfusion of infected blood
Unsafe injection, tattoos etc.
Transplantation of organ
Unsafe sexual activity
Infected mother to child
Using same blade, syringe, knife etc
Symptoms:-
Common cold
Fatigue
Mild fever
Swelling of liver
Preventive measures:-
Avoid unsafe tattoos and operation
Avoid unsafe injection
Use separate weapons etc
Avoid unsafe blood transfusion
Unsafe sexual contact
Use condoms if needed
Cirrhosis:- Irreversible change in the normal liver tissue that results in the degeneration of functioning liver cells and their replacement with fibrous connective tissue. Cirrhosis can have a number of causes; the term is applied whenever the end result is scarring of the liver. In the early stage of cirrhosis, the disease can be stabilized by abstention from alcohol and by an adequate diet. In this stage, the liver first enlarges; its outer capsule becomes smooth and stretched, and its colour turns yellow because of an increase in fat. Fibrous tissue and extra bile ducts may develop. In the next stage, the quantity of fibrous tissue increases so that the liver is granular. The blood vessels thicken, and their channels may become obstructed, which reduces blood flow in the organ. Complications at this stage include coma, kidney failure, jaundice, infection, and hemorrhages. In the advanced stage of the disease, the liver shrinks and the surface usually have a roughened appearance. The normal lobular structure of the liver is lost; there is no longer fat but only poorly functioning residual liver tissue.
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