TYPHOID

TYPHOID

Typhoid is also known as enteric fever.it is caused by salmonella typhi and paratyphi.humans are only the host of salmonella typhi.s.typhi is shed in the feces,urine,vomit and oral secretions by acutely ill persons and in feces by chronic carriers.in case of carriers ,the parasite lives in gall bladder.

Occurence : typhoid is widely spread disease found throughout the world.it is most common in area with poor sanitation.


Inubation period : 10-14 days

Mode of transmission :
feco-oral route
vegetables,raw fruits
water,milk and flies

Clinical feature(symptoms):

First week :
bacteremia
fever and chills

Second week
widespread mononuclear phagocyte involvement with rash,rose spots
abdominal pain and prostration

Thid week :
ulceration of payer's patches
intestinal bleeding and severe pain
continuous fever, bradycardia
enlargement of spleen
constipation more common
death due to haemmorage

Diagnosis: 
blood culture
antibody test
stool test
urine culture

Prevention : 
proper sewage disposal
personal hygine
safe drinking water
immunisation with typhoid vaccine
public awareness through health education
flies control by using insrctisides

Treatment : by using antibiotics like ampicillin,chloramphenicol,ciprofloxacin and cortimoxazole