Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is highly communicable chronic bacterial disease and often found in poor countries.the germ of tuberculosis may invade any part of the body however lungs is the favourite place for the causative agent.the germ invade the tisue,divide rapidly ans destroy the organs.

Occurence : it is found in  every community of the world. it spreads rapidly and yearly 50,000 new cases are reported annually widh 12,000 death rare.

Causative organism: the causative organism is mycobacterium tuberculi.it is rod shaped bacteria.

Reservoir: mainly infected persons and in some cases cattels also acts as reservoir.

Mode of transmission :it spreads mainly by oral and nasal secretions of a person suffering from tuberculosis. the infection maybe due to direct or indirect contact like droplet and air brone infection.

Incubation period : it ranges from weeks to years

Symptoms : In infected person,the bacteria release a toxic substance tuberculin,which produces several disorders in body.the symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis are:
fever,cough,sputum with blood
loss of body weight
chest pain
loss of appetite
gradual weakening of body etc.

Diagnosis : It is confirmed by tuberculin or montoux test,chest x-ray,positive sputum and gastric analysis.

Preventive measures: 
mass education concerning the danger of tuberculosis
identification and proper treatment of tb-patients
immunisation of uninfected person by BCG(bacillus calmette guerine)
drinking milk from tuberculosis free cattle
improvement of personal hygine
usung masks in crowded area
public canpaign against tuberculosis

Treatment :it requires treatment in early stage for best results. tuberculosis is treated by dots programme. it means directly observed treatment short-course.it includes good quality diagnosis,short-course chemotherapy given under systematic supervision.
it may also be treated by streptomycin,para amino salicylic acid,isoniazid and rafampicin.

1 comment:

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